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Power steering is a crucial system in modern vehicles that helps make steering easier. By using hydraulic or electric assistance, it reduces the effort needed to turn the steering wheel, improving comfort and control. If your Chevy Malibu's power steering system fails, it can make driving much harder.
What Causes Power Steering Failure in Chevy Malibu
When your Chevy Malibu power steering stops working, it can be due to several reasons. The power steering system relies on a combination of hydraulic fluid, a pump, and an electric motor (in newer models) to provide assistance. If any of these components fail, you may find yourself struggling to turn the wheel.
Low Power Steering Fluid
One of the most common causes of power steering failure in the Chevy Malibu is low or contaminated power steering fluid. The fluid acts as both a lubricant and a coolant, reducing friction and preventing overheating of the system’s components. When the fluid level drops, the system can't function properly.
Faulty Power Steering Pump
The power steering pump is responsible for circulating fluid throughout the system. A malfunctioning or worn out pump can lead to a loss of hydraulic pressure, resulting in a failure of the power steering. If the pump is noisy or leaking, it may need to be replaced.
Broken Serpentine Belt
The serpentine belt is responsible for driving the power steering pump in many older models of the Chevy Malibu. If the belt breaks, the power steering pump won’t work, causing the system to fail. In this case, you'll notice the steering wheel becomes increasingly stiff, especially at low speeds.
Electronic Steering Issues (For Newer Models)
In newer Chevy Malibu models, power steering is often driven by an electric motor rather than a hydraulic system. If there’s an issue with the electric power steering motor or the system’s electrical components, the power steering may stop functioning. This could be caused by a blown fuse, a wiring issue, or a faulty steering angle sensor.
Air in the Power Steering System
Air bubbles in the power steering fluid can prevent the system from maintaining adequate pressure, making steering difficult. This issue often occurs when there’s a fluid leak or after a repair where the system wasn’t properly bled.
Faulty Steering Rack or Gearbox
If the steering rack or gearbox is damaged or worn out, it can cause power steering failure. This is typically a more serious issue that may require expensive repairs or replacement.
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How to Diagnose Chevy Malibu Power Steering Problems
Diagnosing power steering issues requires a few simple steps. By following these methods, you can narrow down the problem before taking your vehicle to a mechanic.
Step 1: Check the Power Steering Fluid
Start by inspecting the power steering fluid level. If it’s low, this is often the first sign of a problem. Check for any visible leaks around the pump, hoses, or reservoir. Top up the fluid to the correct level and see if the steering improves. If it doesn’t, you might need to move on to further diagnostics.
Step 2: Listen for Unusual Noises
If you hear whining or squealing noises while turning the wheel, the power steering pump may be failing. This sound is often an indication of air in the system or a worn pump.
Step 3: Check for Leaks
Inspect the power steering pump and associated hoses for leaks. Any fluid leakage will lead to a loss of hydraulic pressure, causing power steering failure. If you find a leak, the affected parts will need to be replaced or repaired.
Step 4: Test the Serpentine Belt
The serpentine belt drives many of the engine’s accessories, including the power steering pump. Inspect the belt for cracks, fraying, or any visible damage. If the belt is loose or broken, the pump won’t work properly, and you will experience stiff steering.
Step 5: Scan for Electrical Issues
For newer Chevy Malibu models with electric power steering, using a Car Diagnostic tool like the ANCEL X7 OBD2 scanner can help identify any fault codes related to the power steering system. Issues such as faulty sensors, wiring problems, or a malfunctioning electric motor can trigger these codes. By connecting a car diagnostic tool to your vehicle, you can quickly pinpoint the exact cause of the issue, making the repair process faster and more efficient.
Common Error Codes for Chevy Malibu Power Steering Electrical Issues
When diagnosing electrical issues in the power steering system using the ANCEL X7 car diagnostic scanner, certain error codes may appear. Here are some of the most common codes related to power steering issues, and what they typically indicate:
C1000 – Steering Wheel Position Sensor Circuit
This code usually points to a malfunction in the steering angle sensor. The sensor tracks the position of the steering wheel to ensure proper communication with the electric power steering motor. If this sensor is faulty or its wiring is damaged, it can lead to incorrect steering response and failure of the power steering system.
C1010 – Power Steering Motor Circuit
This code indicates a problem with the electric power steering motor itself. The motor may not be receiving the correct signal or may be malfunctioning, preventing it from assisting in turning the steering wheel. This could be due to wiring issues, a faulty motor, or other electrical components.
C1020 – Power Steering Control Module Malfunction
The power steering control module is responsible for controlling the electric motor based on data from various sensors. If this module fails, it can prevent the motor from operating properly. The issue may lie in the module itself or its connection to the rest of the steering system.
C1040 – Power Steering System Overload
This code is triggered when the power steering system is drawing too much current, often due to an overloaded motor or a short circuit in the system. This can cause the system to shut down temporarily to prevent further damage. Overload could also be caused by excessive resistance in the steering mechanism.
C1060 – Steering Angle Sensor Calibration Error
This error typically means that the steering angle sensor is out of calibration. This sensor needs to be correctly aligned to ensure proper function of the electric power steering. Calibration issues can result in poor steering performance and inconsistent handling.
C1070 – Steering Assist Torque Sensor Circuit
This code refers to a fault in the torque sensor, which measures the amount of effort being applied to the steering wheel. If the sensor is malfunctioning, the power steering system may not receive accurate data on the amount of force required to turn the wheel, leading to poor steering feel and possible failure of the system.
U0121 – Lost Communication with Steering Angle Sensor Module
This code indicates a communication failure between the main computer and the steering angle sensor. Without proper communication, the system can't determine the steering wheel position, which could cause erratic or non-functional power steering. This could be due to wiring issues, a blown fuse, or a failed module.
U0155 – Lost Communication with Body Control Module
The Body Control Module (BCM) controls several electrical functions in the vehicle, including the power steering system in some models. If communication between the BCM and the steering system is lost, the system may fail to work, and steering assistance may be lost entirely. This could be due to a wiring problem or a failure in the BCM itself.
How to Fix Power Steering Issues in Chevy Malibu
Once you've diagnosed the issue, you can take steps to fix the problem. Here’s a breakdown of potential fixes for common Chevy Malibu power steering problems.
1. Refill or Replace Power Steering Fluid
If low fluid is the issue, top it up with the appropriate fluid type for your Chevy Malibu. Make sure to check for any leaks after filling, as a leak will cause the fluid to run out again. If the fluid is dirty or contaminated, it’s best to flush the system and replace it with fresh fluid.
2. Replace the Power Steering Pump
If the power steering pump is malfunctioning, it may need to be replaced. This typically involves removing the pump, draining the fluid, and installing a new one. Depending on your car’s model, this may be a job you can do yourself, or you may need a professional mechanic.
3. Replace the Serpentine Belt
If the serpentine belt is broken or worn, it will need to be replaced. This can be a relatively simple fix, but it may require a bit of elbow grease to remove and replace the belt.
4. Address Electrical Issues
For newer Chevy Malibu models, diagnosing and fixing electrical issues may require a mechanic with specialized knowledge in electric steering systems. If the motor, sensors, or wiring are damaged, repairs can be complex and may require professional intervention.
5. Replace Steering Rack or Gearbox
If the steering rack or gearbox is the problem, this is a more involved repair. Replacing these components typically requires a significant amount of labor and may cost more. It's important to consult a mechanic for an accurate diagnosis and repair plan.
FAQs
Can I drive my Chevy Malibu without power steering?
Driving without power steering is possible, but it will make turning the wheel much harder, especially at low speeds. It’s best to address the issue immediately for your safety.
How do I know if my power steering pump is bad?
Signs of a bad power steering pump include whining noises, difficulty turning the steering wheel, and visible leaks around the pump.
Can I repair the power steering myself?
If you have the right tools and knowledge, some aspects of the power steering system, such as topping up the fluid or replacing the serpentine belt, can be done at home. However, more complex issues may require professional help.
